The National Cancer Institute of Maharagama, Sri Lanka was established in 1956 as a radiation treatment center for cancer victims, which consisted of three radiation therapy unit with ten wards for in wards patients.

The hospital was expanded dramatically during the past few decades to accommodate the ever increasing number of patients stricken with all type of cancers, and to those who are aware about cancers. Presently it is the largest hospital in Sri Lanka where specialized treatment is available for cancer patients, with sophisticated diagnostic and treatment techniques.